1) They're a lot faster than normal, paper-based surveys and are quick and easy to fill out and complete, it only takes a few seconds or a few minutes after a push. It doesn't take very long to do them so then all you have to do is take the survey when you're doing a daily activity.
2) Cheaper research costs means that people can go out, get their results and come to a conclusion a lot quicker than other kinds of companies with surveys. They can get their results back within weeks as opposed to months like some other companies.
3) Easy to use for those taking the survey, so instead of going through a telephone conversation, they can just click away at the answers that are how they feel, it's much, much simpler. Especially when there's simple, multiple choice questions that are just one click from being done. Some surveys don't even have that many questions so it can be easy for some to just fill them out in minutes.
Disadvantages
1) Lack of a trained interviewer isn't good, as they can't clarify and it means the survey has a high chance of unreliable data. Which will lead to a conclusion that has a high chance to be either mislead or incorrect.
2) Cooperation can be a little feint, or just not there altogether, the surveys can have random response rates and they can fluctuate, sometimes people ignore the surveys entirely sometimes.
3) Limited sampling means it's harder to draw probability samples based on e-mail addresses and visitations of the site.
Top ten viewed shows of BBC1 in the past week
1) The Great British Bake Off (Wed 2002)
2) Strictly Come Dancing (Sat 1815)
3) Strictly Come Dancing (Fri 2100)
4) Doctor Foster (Wed 2102)
5) Eastenders (Mon 2001)
6) Eastenders (Thu 1929)
7) Eastenders (Tue 1929)
8) Doctor Who (Sat 1945)
9) Eastenders (Fri 2000)
10) New Tricks (Tue 2100)
I believe the target audiences for all of these shows in general, would've been adults, maybe teenagers when it came to Doctor Who. Otherwise I'd say that it was aimed at those that are aged at potentially 20-46, the shows are more calm, mostly, and are usually easy to follow to a certain extent.
Some of the shows aren't fictional either, they're realistic, often filmed just there on the spot (i.e The Great British Bake Off). This seems more the thing for older people who don't want imaginative shows, just shows showing how people handle and overcome situations and obstacles.
The top 5 UK films to gross this week are: Legend, Everest, Macbeth, I Believe in Miracles and Miss you already. In total they grossed £1,806,951.
The brothers were around in the 1800's to 1900's, in the 1890's they were one of the biggest manufacturers of photographic plates. When 17, Louis went and invented the new 'dry plate' process of developing film.
In early 1895, they soon came up with their own device, the Cinematographe. Which was smaller and lighter than the Kinetoscope, it photographed and projected film at 16 frames a second, as opposed to our more modern 30-60 frames per second. The same size as a hand-held camera, it differed from the Kinetoscope in many ways. They were also quick to patent their invention abroad, thus the chances of copies being made were very unlikely due to their success.
They were keen on testing and toying with different kinds of plates and such, which lead to their invention coming to be made.
This device was slower than Edison's device (which photographed and projected film at 48 frames per second). The mechanism had two pins or claws were placed into hole pinched into the film strip, then they were moved along the film and retracted. It was based off of the mechanisms used in sewing machines, which explains the similar kind of machinery.
Their first public screening was in December 28th, 1894, at the Grand Cafe on Paris' Boulevard de Capuchines, Named 'Le Sortie de usines Lumiere'.
Georges Melies
Born on December 8th, 1861, his father moved to Paris 1843 and was a shoemaker, beginning to work at a boot factory. Years into the future, Georges ended up returning to Paris, France, aiming to study painting at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, without much of a support financially from his father, he ended up supervising machinery at the family factory to support an income.
This didn't stop his passion however, as he started to be intrigued by stage magic, he began to visit performances and also took magic lessons from Emile Voisin. These combined made him very adept at fooling the eyes of the common man, he soon was granted the opportunity to perform his first ever shows. His first shows were held in the Cabinet Fantastique of the Grevin Wax Museum, and soon after that, the Galerie Vivienne.
Beginning of the Film Career
On December 27th, 1895, Melies attended a private demonstration of the Cinematograph, made by the Lumiere brothers. Within seconds, Melies instantly offered the Lumieres 10,000F for one of their machines they they had on offer at the time.
However, the brothers were actually hesitant to accept the offer, they then declined the offer too, they wanted to keep close eyes on their own invention, they also refused an offer of 20,000F from someone else for the same reason.
Melies had an intention to find a film projector for the Theatre Robin-Houdin, many other inventors in America and Europe were trying to experiment with machines very similar to Lumiere's one.
Melies ended up in London at one point, he bought an Animatograph from someone, as well as several short films sold by the seller and by the 'Edison Manufacturing Company'.
After studying the design of the Animatograph, modified the machine so that it would perform as a film camera. Raw film stock and processing labs weren't available in Paris, so Melies then purchased unperforated film in London, he then personally devloped and printed his films through trial and error.
Melies directed over 500 films between 1896 and 1913, ranging in length from one to forty minutes. He also created the editing technique of a 'jump-cut', which he discovered by filming a bus, then his camera jammed, once sorted out he continued his filming nonetheless, and a hearse was there instead.
At the exact point where the bus had gone, the hearse was at the point where the bus disappeared at, this lead to making an iconic function in editing, this was a jump-cut.
Edwin Porter
Born in Connellsville, Pennsylvania to a merchant by the name of Thomas Richard Porter and Mary Porter. Porter worked many variations of jobs, including a sign painter and a telegraph operator, he was interested in electricity at young age, and shared a parent at age 21 for a lamp generator.
Porter entered motion picture work in 1896, the first year movies were commercially projected onto large screens and gaining the reputation they have today. He was shortly employed in New York City by Raff And Gammon, agents for films and equipment made by Thomas Edison.
Porter traveled through the West Indies and South America, taking films and showing them off at various places including open fields. He also did a tour through Canada and even The United States, he was one to have a high amount of creativity on his films, he was in control, he often had live narration with his films and also music.
Edison Manufacturing
By the year 1899, Porter had come into contact and joined the Edison Manufacturing Company, very soon after he began to take charge of movie production at Edison's New York studios, a remarkable feat. He had the role of operating the camera equipment, directing actors on what to do, how to do it and when, and making the final print.
Porter worked with many other filmmakers, one of which was George S. Fleming, in the next ten years Porter become one of, if not the most influential filmmaker in the US.
The earliest film he made in this phase was 'Terrible Teddy, the Grizzly King', which was a satire film which was made in February 1901. It was about the Vice President reelection, which at that point was Theodore Roosevelt. Needless to say he had quite the sense of humour and guts to make a film such as this.
Porter created the editing technique of 'dissolves', these are transitions from one image to another, where the shot you're watching degrades into the next shot to make a smooth cut. He used it in one of his famous films, 'Life of an American Fireman', which proved effective to the audience.
Dawn of The Great Train Robbery
Without a doubt one of his most notable films ever made, 'The Great Train Robbery' was a film made by Edwin Porter, he had made an American Western story, which was familiar to many audiences and created a visual story within itself of its own merits.
It was a one-reel film, with a run-time of twelve minutes, and only contained twenty shots, one of which was a unique shot for the time of a bandit firing at the camera. The film was very successful and popular, and Porter didn't stop there, afterwards he went on to make and create more techniques.
In 'The Kleptomaniac' he told two stories taking place simultaneously, and it was quite a spectacle for those who saw what he did and caught on to what he was doing. In another film 'The Ex-Convict', he made side lighting, close-ups and changed shots within a scene, and it's known as one of the first and earliest examples of a filmmaker doing something new and inventive, driving away from cliches.
D.W Griffith
Born on January 22nd, 1875, D.W Griffith was an American film director, he was well known for being the man who directed the film 'The Birth of a Nation' in 1915 and 'Intolerance' in 1916.
The Start of His Films & 'The Birth of a Nation'
Griffith began making short films in the year 1908, his first actual feature film was in 1913, titled 'Judith of Bethulia'. However, his most notable film 'The Birth of a Nation' used many advanced techniques revolving around camera and narrative.
The film was very well-known, very popular and it is considered 'important' to some film historians, this is most likely due to it's controversial themes and it is therefore a piece of cinema history. In fact it's thanks to this film that the standards began to change in certain films. Griffith himself claimed that he didn't see the issues as he was brought up believing the standards that were contained in the film.
Another feat accomplished by this film was the fact that almost all previous feature length films, were less than an hour long, but this film took that rule and threw it away. The film is still one of his most memorable films that he made (for better or for worse) and it stands on it's own as a film for time to come.
Editing & Transitioning Shots
Griffith himself revolutionised editing, he was the mind who had the idea of making lively shots and making it so that action could be perceived from loads of angles, as opposed to Porter's more discrete cuts on scenes. This kept the audience more on their toes, this also made it so that people could understand the situation and scenario better on the film.
He also created many variations of transitions, and shots, these include: fade-in, fade-out, close-ups, moving-camera shots, full shots and flashbacks. These were many things to come up with and it's why he's one of the more memorable cinematographers as he set some of the things we use in film even today.
A close-up shot is when the camera focuses on an actor's face, and this is usually without showing the body, otherwise that would be a mid-shot, this kind of shot is effective for a tense situation or to assert a tone of seriousness to the situation.
A long shot is a shot where the actors are very minuscule and a lot of scenery can be seen in the shot, it's like if you can put about ten or more of the actors to fit the whole picture, it's a long shot.
A fade-in is something that is a transition from one scene to another, a fade in is usually where a shot starts out as a block of colour that covers the whole screen, i.e white or black, the slowly, the scene fades in. This can be used for dramatic effect or to start of a film effectively.
A fade-out is pretty much the opposite of a fade-in, the scene instead fades into a colour that covers the screen, i.e, white or black, this can be to end a scene with tension or to end a film with an emotional feeling.
Moving-camera shots are self explanatory, it's when a scene is taking place but the camera moves with the scene, with the actors, or slowly surveys the scenery and can capture the environment to understand the setting more.
A full-shot (A.K.A, a wide-shot) is where the actors or subjects in question take up the whole frame, or most of it, you can see their whole body and they fit into the camera's shot. Usually it's the actors but sometimes it can just be objects or animals too.
A flashback is a transition back to a point to earlier in the film, this can be to recap a certain event or it can be to just reinforce a point that the film may be trying to teach.
Griffith used all of these in his projects and we use these techniques today which goes to show how influential he was.
Open ended questions are questions that require an answer more than just 'yes' or 'no', they require a bigger answer, a more in-depth description. Some questions can be one considering what one plans to do, or what one plans to not do, something that would require something to back it up to make a good point out of it.
Example - What do you plan to do after college?
Closed Question Definition
Closed ended questions are almost the opposite of open ended questions, they actually are usually responded with a 'yes' or 'no' answer. The questions are usually considering how someone sees something, asking their opinion when the answer can be explained by simply responding with yes or no, without needing an in-depth description.
Example - Will you please do me a favour?
Questionnaire
Place an X next to your answer.
1) Which of the consoles below do you use?
PS4 -
Xbox One -
Xbox 360 - The Xbox 360
PS3 -
2) How many hours do you spend on a console a day?
0-2 hours -
3-5 hours -3-5 hours
6-8 hours -
9-12 hours -
More, apparently -
3) What is your favourite genre of game? Write your answer and description below.
Action and thriller.
4) What is the worst game you played? Write your answer and description below.
Alien colonial marines.
5) What is the best game you played? Write your answer and description below.
Halo.
6) What is the reason you play games? Write your answer and description below.
I enjoy the story lines and the graphics of the games.
There are four stages of Pre-Production, here we will go through each and every one and explain what jobs are included in each and every one of the four stages.
Development
Development is the first of the four stages, it is a stage which mainly consists of people coming up with ideas and organising what will be needed, when it will be needed, and why.
Jobs included in this stage are:
Script Writers - The people who write scripts for films, shows, advertisements or radio projects
Producers - In charge of basically getting money out of things and hiring crew, they look for opportunities to save or use money to the best of their potential
Casting Director - Finds people to take the roles of the characters as actors, an audition is required, this can be simply from reading an extract of a script.
Unit Production Manager - Manages the schedule and the budget of the production, they also report to studio executives or finances of the film.
Director - In charge of the story purposes and plots, telling people such as actors to go and to motivate them and tell them how to go about a scene.
Pre-Production
Where things begin to play out, Pre-Production is one step before Production, and it's when people start to form things together and decide what's going to happen when they get to the next stage.
Jobs included in this stage are:
Sound Designer - In charge of sound, making sounds specifically, using many different tools and equipment to make any sound needed in the film.
Storyboard Artist - Creates drawings in a frame and stencil which will specify and give a visual aid as to what will happen in shots
Assistant Director - Usually present in Pre-Production, manages shooting schedules and numbers for the production itself.
Location Manager - Meant to find, locate and designate what areas can be filmed in and make sure it's a controlled environment, booking out specific places where scenes are to be filmed.
Production
Production itself, is when the film, is being filmed, by cameramen and directors, actors and equipment managers.
Jobs included in this stage are:
Actor - Actors have the job of bringing characters on paper to life, under the direction of the Director, they are the people you see in the film footage.
Camera Operator - They operate the cameras that will be recording the footage, this can also be maintaining them and keeping watch of them when shoots begin and end.
Lighting Engineer - Whilst they would help in previous stages, they're the most significant when in production, as lighting can reflect the tone of the film or shot, and it really works well if planned out correctly.
Make-up and Hair Artist - Self-explanatory, they design make-up and hair to meet what the Director, the Script Writers and Producers are looking for in their production, which requires great patience and talent.
Paramedics - Trained specialists at the ready in case someone on set needs medical attention, i.e, an injury occurs on an actor or an equipment manager.
Post-Production
Post-Production takes place after Production, the film has been filmed, and now it is up for another group of people, working with some of the crew, to compile the film together ready for theaters.
Jobs included in this stage are:
Editor - One of the more obvious choices, the editor works with the director and other sub-editors to smooth out the footage and make the final product.
Footage Ingesting - A job involving bringing footage to and from devices into different programs, it requires little to no mistakes because the cost can be high if one does fault.
Graphics Designer - Intended to make and design many posters and artwork for people to witness, drawing them in to see the film, a way to grow a crowd.
Dubbing Editors - In charge of bringing in any actors that may need to redo some lines or change up part of the script to make things work, they know what to do when it comes to vocals and the sort.
